Showing posts with label CDMA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CDMA. Show all posts

Monday, December 9, 2013

Consumer Survey: Sprint = Biggest Loser

Sprint is scraping the bottom of the barrel among US carriers in terms of overall satisfaction. The results come from Consumer Reports, which polled more than 58,000 subscribers about their opinions. Sprint received poor marks all around, with consumers dinging its value, voice and text quality, and 4G reliability. Sprint ranked second last year.
Sprint has certainly struggled throughout much of 2013. It fought a contentious battle to acquire Clearwire earlier this year. It wrestled with its own shareholders as well as the shareholders of Clearwire over the value of the company. It also had to stave off an aggressive offer from Dish Networks -- all while being acquired by Japan's SoftBank. Sprint also shut down its iDEN network in June and has been re-farming its spectrum to improve its LTE network. The company had a full plate. That didn't stop consumers from rating it poorly.
Verizon Wireless earned consumers' highest ratings as far as the top four are concerned. Its customers were generally pleased with Verizon's LTE 4G network and some aspects of its customer support organization. Consumer Reports said that AT&T ranked second and T-Mobile ranked third, with "ho-hum" marks. AT&T managed to beat Verizon Wireless in at least one category, though: reliability of its 4G service.
[ Sprint is building its LTE coverage, but it still badly lags AT&T and Verizon. See Sprint LTE Network Slowly Expands. ]
Verizon Wireless recently admitted that it is struggling to handle all the traffic on its LTE network in major markets across the country, such as Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City. Its network has reached capacity in many markets, and it is forcing some data connections back down to its CDMA 3G network. Verizon is preparing to offer LTE on the 1700 MHz spectrum in some markets to supplement its 700 MHz spectrum, but is a long way from making the additional spectrum widely available.
AT&T's LTE network has fared better in large cities, and that is likely why consumers rated it above Verizon's.
Consumer Reports said Consumer Cellular, a prepaid provider, was the overall leader among wireless networks in the US.
"Our latest cell service satisfaction survey revealed a somewhat precipitous decline by Sprint that shuffled the rankings of the major standard service providers," said Glenn Derene, electronics content development team leader for Consumer Reports, in the press release. "And smaller, no-frills, no-contract, and prepaid service providers continue to do a better job of satisfying customers, and provide an increasingly viable alternative to some of the expensive, long-term contracts that many consumers find themselves locked into."
Many of the prepaid networks run on those of their larger rivals. For example, Boost Mobile and Virgin Mobile USA both use Sprint's network, while Consumer Cellular runs on AT&T's network. Cricket, MetroPCS, and U.S. Cellular run their own networks, but offer no-contract service plans that often dramatically undercut those of the country's biggest wireless providers.

source: http://www.informationweek.com/mobile/mobile-business/consumer-survey-sprint---biggest-loser/d/d-id/1112728

Monday, October 28, 2013

EPC (EVOLVED PACKET CORE)


                                    EPC (EVOLVED PACKET CORE)
Background— in 1990’s the various standards of cellular system e.g GSM, CDMA etc. were based on circuit switching and the services which were developed were specially concentrated on typical applications of telecommunications. Mobile internet proved a revolutionary change in telecommuncation.
In Nov 2004, 3GPP started its work on 4G technologies that was like a successor of UMTS, particularly a work item named system architecture evolution (SAE) along with LTE which is responsible for evolution of Evolved Packet Core, which support the high bandwidth services at high data rates. In the standardization process of the EPC, various bodies like 3GPP2 (Third generation partnership project 2), Internet engineering task force (IETF), WiMAXforum and open mobile alliance (OMA) took part very actively.”3GPP ‘owns’ the EPS specifications and refers to IETF and occasionally OMA specifications where necessary, while 3GPP2 complements these EPS specifications with their own documents that cover the impact on EPS and GPP2-based systems. WiMAX forum also refers to 3GPP documentation where appropriate for their specification work”
OBJECTIVES SET BY 3GPP for EPC:
The objectives set by 3GPP for development of SAE and EPC were to deliver:
1.   Network architecture to support high data rates.
2.   It should support mobility between multiple heterogenous access systems like 3GPP and 3GPP2 or between 3GPP and WIMAX.
3.   All IP architecture to enhance its capabilty to cope up with high growth in IP data traffic.
EPC ARCHITECTURE:
EPS is Evolved Packet System , which represents all IP network and contains both EPC and LTE. It consists of different domains and each domain again consists of logical nodes. These nodes are interworked with each other to perform any specific set of functions.        
                                                



1.   GSM/GPRS represents 2G technology domain.
2.     WCDMA/HSPA (Wide CDMA/ High speed packet Access) represents 3G or 3.5G RAN (Radio access network).
3.    LTE (Long term evolution) is the latest domain specified by 3GPP and the fourth, Non-3GPP domain consists of access networks, e.g. WiMAX and WLAN, Which are not specified by 3GPP but actually provided by other standardization bodies like 3GPP2, IEEE.
 All four domains are connected to packet core domain (EPC). The core domain also consists of four basic domains. These are Circuit core domain, User domain, IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) and Packet core domain. The circuit core domain is linked to GSM/GPRS and WCDMA/HSPA. It supports and provides the circuit switch services in 2G and 3G technologies. The packet core domain provides IP services over GSM, WCDMA/HSPA,LTE and Non-3GPP technologies while the user domain provides the complete updated information of users on request. It maintains the database to support roaming mobility of the subscriber whether they are moving in a single network or in between different network. The IMS provides support to services based on Session initiation protocol (SIP). Since IMS supports IP services so it uses the IP connectivity with packet core domain to use its function provided by its node.Now we will turn our attention to the EPC architecture. The EPC architecture consists of packet core domain and user domain.
Mobility Management Equipment:
It is the node which is responsible for signal exchanges between base stations and core networks and between the subscriber and the core network.MME doesnot involve in air interface matters so it is non access stratum signaling which is exchanged between MME and radio network. Basic tasks which MME can perform are:
1.   Authentication
2.   Establishment of bearers
3.   NAS mobility management
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Signalling
Voice/Data
The EPC supports IP session which is established over any network.it is also referred as session continuity.